Table 3 Multivariable analysis (logistic regression) of factors associated with sport-related nutritional supplement use by service members
Variable | Strata | Odds Ratio (95% Confidence Interval) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Any SRNS | Sport Drink | Sport Bar | Sport Gel | Sport Bar & Gela | ||
Gender | Male (n = 20,728) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Female (3,282) | 0.80 (0.73–0.87) | 0.72 (0.66–0.79) | 0.91 (0.82–0.99) | 0.95 (0.75–1.20) | 0.92 (0.86–0.98) | |
Age | 18–24 yr (n = 4,165) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
25–29 yr (n = 5,091) | 0.76 (0.69–0.85) | 0.73 (0.66–0.80) | 0.83 (0.74–0.92) | 0.97 (0.74–1.28) | 0.82 (0.74–0.92) | |
30–39 yr (n = 10,003) | 0.71 (0.64–0.79) | 0.67 (0.61–0.75) | 0.75 (0.67–0.84) | 0.95 (0.71–1.27) | 0.76 (0.67–0.85) | |
≥40 yr (n = 4,751) | 0.61 (0.54–0.70) | 0.64 (0.56–0.73) | 0.62 (0.53–0.71) | 0.88 (0.62–1.24) | 0.62 (0.54–0.71) | |
Formal Education | Some HS/HS Grad (n = 3,381) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Some College (n = 10,257) | 1.09 (0.99–1.20) | 0.99 (0.90–1.08) | 1.25 (1.13–1.38) | 1.01 (0.78–1.30) | 1.24 (1.12–1.38) | |
College Degree (n = 10,372) | 1.09 (0.97–1.22) | 0.87 (0.77–0.98) | 1.45 (1.28–1.65) | 1.21 (0.89–1.65) | 1.45 (1.27–1.65) | |
Marital Status | Married (n = 16,143) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Never Married (n = 5,922) | 1.11 (1.03–1.19) | 1.12 (1.04–1.21) | 1.08 (0.99–1.17) | 0.96 (0.78–1.17) | 1.07 (0.99–1.16) | |
Sep, Widowed, Divorced (n = 1,945) | 1.02 (0.92–1.13) | 1.04 (0.94–1.16) | 1.00 (0.90–1.12) | 0.91 (0.69–1.20) | 1.00 (0.89–1.11) | |
Body Mass Index | <25.0 kg/m2(n = 7,279) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
25.0–29.9 kg/m2 (n = 12,722) | 1.00 (0.94–1.07) | 1.00 (0.93–1.06) | 1.02 (0.95–1.09) | 0.85 (0.73–1.01) | 1.02 (0.96–1.10) | |
≥30.0 kg/m2(n = 4,009) | 1.02 (0.94–1.11) | 1.08 (0.99–1.17) | 0.93 (0.84–1.02) | 0.82 (0.65–1.03) | 0.93 (0.85–1.03) | |
Aerobic Exercise Duration | ≤90 min/wk (n = 6,240) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
91–180 min/wk (n = 6,656) | 1.21 (1.13–1.30) | 1.29 (1.19–1.39) | 1.15 (1.06–1.25) | 1.81 (1.37–2.38) | 1.15 (1.06–1.25) | |
181–300 min/wk (n = 5,387) | 1.26 (1.17–1.36) | 1.32 (1.21–1.44) | 1.19 (1.09–1.29) | 3.13 (2.40–4.08) | 1.23 (1.12–1.34) | |
>300 min/wk (n = 5,727) | 1.34 (1.12–1.45) | 1.56 (1.43–1.70) | 1.16 (1.06–1.27) | 5.82 (4.50–7.53) | 1.25 (1.14–1.36) | |
Resistance Training Duration | ≤45 min/wk (n = 6,575) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
46–135 min/wk (n = 5,735) | 1.38 (1.28–1.48) | 1.15 (1.06–1.24) | 1.50 (1.38–1.64) | 1.11 (0.89–1.37) | 1.48 (1.36–1.62) | |
136–300 min/wk (n = 6,063) | 1.64 (1.52–1.77) | 1.21 (1.12–1.31) | 2.04 (1.87–2.22) | 0.95 (0.77–1.18) | 1.98 (1.81–2.16) | |
>300 min/wk (n = 5,623) | 1.72 (1.58–1.87) | 1.13 (1.04–1.23) | 2.53 (2.30–2.79) | 1.07 (0.85–1.34) | 2.42 (2.21–2.66) | |
Smoking | Never Smoked (n = 15,511) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Smoked but Quit (n = 4,337) | 1.05 (0.97–1.13) | 1.01 (0.94–1.10) | 1.04 (0.96–1.14) | 0.97 (0.79–1.19) | 1.06 (0.97–1.15) | |
Smoker (n = 4,162) | 1.14 (1.06–1.23) | 1.20 (1.11–1.29) | 0.98 (0.91–1.07) | 0.86 (0.70–1.06) | 0.99 (0.91–1.07) | |
Smokeless Tobacco Use | Never Used (n = 19,143) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Used but Quit (n = 1,924) | 1.23 (1.11–1.36) | 1.11 (1.00–1.23) | 1.34 (1.20–1.49) | 1.33 (1.04–1.70) | 1.35 (1.21–1.51) | |
User (2,943) | 1.32 (1.21–1.43) | 1.33 (1.21–1.44) | 1.27 (1.16–1.39) | 1.20 (0.97–1.49) | 1.27 (1.16–1.39) | |
Alcoholic Intake | 0 ml/wk (n = 7,091) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
0.23–24.85 ml/wk (n = 5,642) | 1.22 (1.14–1.32) | 1.16 (1.07–1.25) | 1.19 (1.09–1.30) | 1.18 (0.96–1.47) | 1.20 (1.10–1.30) | |
24.86–71.69 ml/wk (n = 5,654) | 1.58 (1.46–1.70) | 1.46 (1.35–1.58) | 1.48 (1.36–1.61) | 1.35 (1.10–1.66) | 1.50 (1.38–1.63) | |
≥71.70 ml/wk (n = 5,623) | 1.75 (1.62–1.89) | 1.67 (1.54–1.81) | 1.65 (1.52–1.80) | 1.63 (1.33–2.00) | 1.66 (1.52–1.81) | |
Rank | Junior Enlisted (n = 2.231) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Mid–Enlisted (n = 10,411) | 0.94 (0.84–1.04) | 0.94 (0.84–1.05) | 0.92 (0.81–1.04) | 1.06 (0.76–1.48) | 0.93 (0.82–1.05) | |
Senior Enlisted (n = 3.903) | 0.97 (0.84–1.11) | 0.91 (0.79–1.05) | 1.04 (0.89–1.21) | 1.44 (0.96–2.14) | 1.06 (0.90–1.23) | |
Warrant Officer (n = 524) | 1.00 (0.80–1.25) | 0.81 (0.64–1.02) | 1.15 (0.90–1.47) | 1.83 (1.06–3.15) | 1.18 (0.93–1.51) | |
Junior Officer (n = 3,628) | 1.16 (1.00–1.34) | 0.87 (0.75–1.02) | 1.44 (1.23–1.69) | 1.41 (0.94–2.13) | 1.45 (1.24–1.70) | |
Senior Officer (n = 3,313) | 1.18 (1.01–1.38) | 0.78 (0.66–0.92) | 1.59 (1.33–1.89) | 1.65 (1.06–2.58) | 1.64 (1.38–1.96) | |
Occupational Assignment Group | Combat Arms (n = 5,990) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Combat Support (n = 9,653) | 0.84 (0.78–0.90) | 0.84 (0.78–0.91) | 0.85 (0.78–0.91) | 0.79 (0.67–0.94) | 0.84 (0.78–0.91) | |
Combat Service Support (n = 8,367) | 0.85 (0.79–0.91) | 0.89 (0.82–0.95) | 0.78 (0.72–0.85) | 0.66 (0.55–0.79) | 0.78 (0.72–0.84) | |
Service | Air Force (n = 4,165) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Army (n = 7,216) | 1.05 (0.98–1.13) | 1.17 (1.09–1.26) | 0.93 (0.86–1.01) | 1.02 (0.84–1.23) | 0.93 (0.86–1.01) | |
Marine Corps (n = 2,889) | 1.37 (1.25–1.50) | 1.41 (1.29–1.55) | 1.38 (1.25–1.53) | 1.46 (1.16–1.84) | 1.37 (1.25–1.52) | |
Navy (n = 5,083) | 1.15 (1.07–1.24) | 1.09 (1.00–1.18) | 1.29 (1.18–1.40) | 1.28 (1.05–1.57) | 1.28 (1.18–1.38) | |